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  Telescopes on Stolen Land

It is abundantly clear that modern astronomy is the product of settler colonialism. The driving force of observational astrophysics is the application of advanced telescopes, housed in observatories, that reside on lands previously and presently occupied by Indigenous peoples. Creation of these astronomical instruments that have so greatly advanced our field is the result of neglect and violent displacement of tribal communities native to the land on which our telescopes now stand. Despite our continual usage of native lands for our science, our community makes little reference to the people who are directly impacted by the advancement of astronomy.

This has and continues to occur all over the world — the harsh reality of astronomy’s colonialist ventures being increasingly difficult to reconcile. While many of us, myself included, utilize observatories across the world for our science, it is rarely the norm to consider the colonialist histories behind our observations, let alone directly acknowledge specific Indigenous communities. This, however, is exactly the point of this web page: to amplify the experiences and histories of the Native people who preceded the multitude of observatories around the world. The hope is that by knowing exactly who is harmed in the creation of specific scientific instruments, we as astronomers will be conscious of the immense sacrifices made for our scientific gain and spread this understanding by directly acknowledging Indigenous people in mediums of scientific discovery e.g., papers, talks, classes and more.

Below you will find an ever-growing compilation of observatories with references to the Indigenous people who lived on the land prior. I have also included sample text that can be used in publications to acknowledge native tribes but there are also numerous resources online about how to create meaningful land acknowledgements. Telescope acknowledgments are commonplace in our field, yet the land these telescopes reside on is rarely attributed as Native.

Prior to making this database, I searched for similar resources but was unable to find a comprehensive platform. Of course, I could have missed existing work, so I am always open to new information and collaboration (especially with BIPOC individuals/ communities). I am not an expert in this field and acknowledge that there is extensive work done by BIPOC individuals/communities on this topic. Therefore, I try to constantly stay informed, as well as learn from others. I appreciate all feedback and look forward to building this resource as an inclusive and ever evolving platform.


North American Observatories:

 

(click on images below to access info)

mtgraham
Mt. Graham

Mount Graham Observatory

Telescope: Large Binocular Telescope (LBT)

Address: 1480 AZ-366, Safford, AZ 85546

Known Native Tribes:

Cession: 689, 546

Additional Info:

  • History of Mount Graham forcing out Native Americans (source)
  • San Carlos Apache tribe named the sacred mountain “dzil nchaa si’an”

Example Acknowledgement: "LBT observations were conducted on the stolen land of the Ndee/Nnēē, Chiricahua, Mescalero and San Carlos Apache tribes."

maunakea
Mauna Kea

Mauna Kea Observatory

Telescopes: Keck I/II, Gemini North, Canada-France-Hawaii (CFHT), Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO), NASA Infrared (IRFT), James Clerk Maxwell (JCMT), University of Hawai'i 88-inch (UH88), University of Hawai'i 36-inch (Hoku Kea), Sub-Millimeter Array (SMA), Subaru, VLBA (one receiver) (LBT)

Address: Mauna Kea Access Rd, Hilo, HI 96720

Known Native Tribes:

  • Names for native Hawai'ians: kānaka 'ōiwi, kānaka maoli, and Hawai'i maoli (source)

Cession: N/A

History of the Sacred Mountain:

  • Ancestral land of kānaka ʻōiwi peoples; one of the most sacred places for native Hawaiʻians
  • “Mauna Kea” or “Mauna-a-Wākeai” is (i) a place of worship, (ii) an ancestor of the kānaka 'ōiwi and (iii) a "piko" i.e., a site of convergence for the Hawai'ian nation (lāhui Hawai'i)
  • Kū Kia'i Mauna is a Native Hawai'ian hui (collective) whose goal is to protect Mauna Kea (website)

Additional Info:

  • Journal article on TMT by Native Hawaiʻians (link)
  • Articles by Astrobites on the history of astronomy, colonialism and Mauna Kea (link1, link2)

Example Acknowledgement: "Gemini North observations were conducted on the stolen land of the kānaka ʻōiwi people. We stand in solidarity with the Pu'uhonua o Pu'uhuluhulu Maunakea in their effort to preserve this sacred space for native Hawaiʻians."

lick
Lick

Lick Observatory

Telescope: Shane 3-m, Nickel 1-m, Automated Planet Finder (APF), Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope (KAIT)

Address: 7281 Mt Hamilton Rd, Mt Hamilton, CA 95140

Known Native Tribes:

Cession: 274

Additional Info:

Example Acknowledgement: "Shane 3-m observations were conducted on the stolen land of the Ohlone (Costanoans), Tamyen and Muwekma Ohlone tribes."

mcdonald
McDonald

McDonald Observatory

Telescope: Hobbly-Eberly, Harlan J. Smith, Otto Struve, 0.8-m, 0.9-m

Address: 3640 Dark Sky Dr, Fort Davis, TX 79734

Known Native Tribes:

Cession: 688

Example Acknowledgement: "Hobbly-Eberly observations were conducted on the stolen land of the Chiricahua Apache Nation; the Chiricahua Apache and Lipan Apache tribes, and Jumanos people."

whipple
Whipple

Whipple Observatory

Telescope: MMT, Tillinghast, Hungarian-made Automated Telescope (HAT), MEarth, MINERVA, VERITAS

Address: 670 Mt Hopkins Rd, Amado, AZ

Known Native Tribes:

Cession: 687

Additional Info:

  • VERITAS construction despite Native American opposition (source)

Example Acknowledgement: "MMT observations were conducted on the stolen land of the Tohono O’odham and Hia-Ced O’odham nations; the Ak-Chin Indian Community, and Hohokam people."

palomar
Palomar

Palomar Observatory

Telescopes: L200-in (5.1-meter) Hale Telescope, the 48-in (1.2-m) Samuel Oschin Telescope, and the 60-in (1.5-m) telescope

Address: 35899 Canfield Rd, Palomar Mountain, CA 92060

Known Native Tribes:

Cession: 307, 308

Additional Info:

  • Mountain named “Wavamai” first, then called “Palomar” (place of pigeons) by indigenous Pauma tribe (source)

Example Acknowledgement: "Hale 5.1-m observations were conducted on the stolen land of the Pauma and Cupeño tribes; the Kumeyaay Nation and the Payómkawichum (Luiseño) people."

kitt-peak
Kitt Peak

Kitt Peak Observatory

Telescopes: Mayall 4-m, WIYN, McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope, KPNO 2.1 m Telescope, ARO 12m Radio Telescope (ARO12m or KP12m)

Address: Tucson, AZ

Known Native Tribes:

Cession: 687

Additional Info:

  • History of Kitt Peak and native Tohono O’odham Nation (source)
  • Tohono O’odham Nation called the sacred mountain “Iolkam Du’ag” (source)

Example Acknowledgement: "WIYN observations were conducted on the stolen land of the Tohono O’odham and Hia-Ced O’odham Nations; the Ak-Chin Indian Community and the Hohokam people."

mt-wilson
Mt. Wilson

Mount Wilson Observatory

Telescope: Snow Solar Telescope, 60-in, Hooker 100-in

Address: Los Angeles, CA

Known Native Tribes:

Cession: 308

Additional Info:

  • Indigenous history of San Gabriel mountains (source)

Example Acknowledgement: "Hooker 100-in observations were conducted on the stolen land of the Garielino, Tongva and Kizh Nations."

lowell
Lowell

Lowell Observatory

Telescope: Lowell Discovery Telescope (LDT), Hall Telescope, Schmidt Telescope, 31-in telescope, TiMo, Navy Precision OPtical Interferometer (NPOI)

Address: 1400 W Mars Hill Rd Flagstaff, AZ 86001

Known Native Tribes:

Cession: 689

Additional Info:

  • Native American Astronomy Outreach at Lowell (source)

Example Acknowledgement: "LDT observations were conducted on the stolen land of the Yavapai-Apache and Navajo nations; the Hopi, Havasupai, Yavapai-Prescott and Hualapai tribes."

mt-wilson
Green Bank (NRAO)

Green Bank Observatory

Telescopes: Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT)

Address: 155 Observatory Rd, Green Bank, WV 24944

Known Native Tribes:

Cession: N/A

Example Acknowledgement: "GBT observations were conducted on the stolen land of the Moneton and Calicua tribes, and the Monacan Nation."

vla
Very Large Array (NRAO)

Very Large Array (NRAO)

Telescopes: VLA

Address: Socorro, NM 87825

Known Native Tribes:

Cession: 688, 689

Example Acknowledgement: "VLA observations were conducted on the stolen land of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache tribes, and the Pueblo people."

mdm
MDM

MDM Observatory

Telescopes: Hiltner 2.4-m, McGraw-Hill 1.3-m

Address: Tucson, AZ

Known Native Tribes:

Cession: 687

Example Acknowledgement: "Hiltner 2.4-m observations were conducted on the stolen land of the Tohono O’odham and Hia-Ced O’odham Nations; the Ak-Chin Indian Community and the Hohokam people."

apo
Apache Point

Apache Point Observatory

Telescopes: ARC 3-m, SDSS 2.5, NMSU 1-m, ARCSAT 0.5-m

Address: 2001 Apache Point Rd, Sunspot, NM 88349

Known Native Tribes:

Cession: 688

Example Acknowledgement: "SDSS observations were conducted on the stolen land of the Mescalero Apache tribe."